The Impact of the Consumer Confidence Index and CDS Premium on the Industrial Production Index: Evidence from Türkiye

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63556/ankad.v10i3.461

Keywords:

Industrial Production Index, Consumer Confidence Index, CDS Premium

Abstract

Industrial production is one of the most important indicators of a country's macroeconomic power. Similarly, CDS premiums, which reflect a country's global competitiveness, and the consumer confidence index (CCI), one of the key indicators of social welfare, are among the most scrutinized data by economists. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of the CCI and CDS premium on the industrial production index (IPI) in Türkiye, using monthly data from 2012:01 to 2025:12. Türkiye was chosen as an example because, due to its geopolitical location, it is affected by financial and political shocks in both Europe and the Middle East. Firstly, the natural logarithm of the series was calculated, and then its stationarity was analyzed. After structural break unit root tests. Both Engle-Granger and Johansen cointegration tests were applied to cross-check the results. The empirical findings from two-variable analyses differ from those based on three-variable models. This has shown that bivariate relationships are insufficient to explain complex economies like Türkiye's, and that the financial system as a whole need to be evaluated. According to the analysis, rather than attempting to boost consumer confidence to stimulate production, pursuing policies that lower borrowing costs will yield faster results.

References

Ahmed, N., & Rangaraju, S. K. (2019). Macroeconomic Effects Of Consumer Confidence Shock – Evidence For State Dependence, Journal of Economic Studies, 46(7), 1293- 1308. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-11-2017-0326

Amarasinghe, A. A. (2016). A Study On The İmpact Of İndustrial Production İndex (IPI) To Beverage, Food And Tobacco Sector İndex With Special Reference To Colombo Stock Exchange. Procedia Food Science, 6, 275- 278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.054

Bodo, G., Golinelli, R., & Parigi, G. (2000). Forecasting İndustrial Production İn The Euro Area. Empirical Economics, 25, 541- 561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001810000032

Bolat, İ. (2025). Türkiye’de Sanayi Üretim Endeksini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Analizi, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 21(1), 20- 35.

Bremmer, D. (2008). Consumer Confidence And Stock Prices. In 72nd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Economics Association Hyatt Regency. Chicago, Illinois.

Bruno, G., & Lupi, C. (2003). Forecasting Euro-Area Industrial Production Using (Mostly) Business Surveys Data, Rome, Italy: ISAE Working Papers 33, ISTAT - Italian National Institute of Statistics.

Coronado, M., Corzo, M. T., & Lazcano, L. (2012). A Case for Europe: The Relationship between Sovereign CDs and Stock Indexes, Frontiers in Finance and Economics, 9(2), 32- 63.

Curtin, R. T. (1982). Indicators of Consumer Behavior: The University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers, Public Opinion Quarterly, 46(3), 340- 352. https://doi.org/10.1086/268731

De Boef, S., & Kellstedt, P. M. (2004). The Political (and Economic) Origins of Consumer Confidence, American Journal of Political Science, 48(4), 633- 649. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00092

Ejaz, M., & Iqbal, J. (2019). Estimation and Forecasting of Industrial Production Index, SBP Working Paper Series 103, State Bank of Pakistan, Research Department.

Figuerola-Ferretti, I., & Paraskevopoulos, I. G. (2011). Pairing Market Risk and Credit Risk, DEE - Working Papers, Business Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1787351

Gerschenkron, A. (1947). The Soviet Indices of Industrial Production, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 29(4), 217- 226.

Gujarati, D. N. (2003). Basic Econometrics (4th Edition b.). New York.: McGraw-Hill.

Kadooğlu Aydın, G., Hazar, A., & Çütcü, İ. (2016). Kredi Temerrüt Takası İle Menkul Kıymet Borsaları Arasındaki İlişki: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülke Uygulamaları, Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 1- 20.

Kuzmanovic, M., & Sanfey, P. (2012). Can consumer confidence data predict real variables? Evidence from Croatia, Working Papers 151, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.

Liu, C., Sun, X., & Li, J. (2023, Mayıs). Time-Frequency Comovements Between Sovereign CDS And Exchange Rates: The Role Of Sentiments, Global Finance Journal, 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2022.100775

Matsusaka, J. G., & Sbordone, A. M. (1995, April). Consumer Confidence and Economic Fluctuations, Economic Inquiry, 33(2), 296- 318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1995.tb01864.x

Pan, W.-F., Wang, X., Xiao, Y., Xu, W., & Zhang, J. (2024). The Effect of Economic and Political Uncertainty on Sovereign CDS Spreads, International Review of Economics & Finance, A(89), 143- 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2023.07.110

Raunig, B., & Scheicher, M. (2009). Are Banks Different? Evidence from the CDS Market, Oesterreichische Nationalbank Working Paper 152.

Sergeant, K. (2011). Consumer Confidence And Economic Growth: A Case Study Of Trinidad And Tobago, The 4th International Conference on Business, Banking & Finance. Port of Spain, Trinidad.

Şahin, A., Atakan, C., & Alkan, B. B. (2010). Türkiye'de Yeni Tanımlı Sanayi Üreim Endeksi ve Alt Sanayi Gruplarındaki Büyümenin Biplot Yöntemi İle İncelenmesi, Journal of Yasar University, 18(5), 2958- 2969.

Şeyranlıoğlu, O. (2023). Tüketici Güven Endeksi ile Finansal Yatırım Araçlarının Reel Getirileri Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye Örneği, Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(29), 572- 593. https://doi.org/10.38155/ksbd.1279166

Tunalı, H., & Özkan, İ. E. (2016). Türkiye’de Tüketici Güven Endeksi ve Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi Arasındaki İlişkinin Ampirik Analizi, İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 54- 67.

TÜİK. (2025). Sanayi Üretim Endeksi Metaveri. Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2026. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Sanayi-Uretim-Endeksi-Ekim-2025-57926

TÜİK. (2025). Tüketici Eğilim İstatistikleri ve Tüketici Güven Endeksi Metaveri. Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2026 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=ekonomik-guven-117

Tüzün, O., & Erem Ceylan, I. (2018). Finansal Hizmetler Güven Endeksi ile Kredi Temerrüt Takası (CDS) Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi, Business & Organization Research Conference. Safranbolu, Karabük.

Wang, A., & Liang, C.-C. (2024, Ocak). Exchange Rates, Credit Default Swaps And Market Volatility Of Emerging Markets: Panel CS-ARDL Approach, Borsa Istanbul Review, 24(1), 176- 186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2023.12.001

Wen, Y., & Kinsella, J. (2016). Credit Default Swap –Pricing Theory, Real Data Analysis and Classroom Applications Using Bloomberg Terminal, Journal of Finance and Economics Education, 16

Downloads

Published

2026-09-23

How to Cite

BEZİRCİOĞLU, E., & KAYA, M. V. (2026). The Impact of the Consumer Confidence Index and CDS Premium on the Industrial Production Index: Evidence from Türkiye. Journal of Anatolian Cultural Research, 10(3), 1703-1715. https://doi.org/10.63556/ankad.v10i3.461