The Predictive Effects of Internet Addiction and Mathematics Hopelessness on Career Indecision in High School Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63556/ankad.v10i3.467Keywords:
Internet Addiction, mathematics hopelessness, career indecisionAbstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive effect of high school students' internet addiction and mathematics hopelessness on their career indecision. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach within a correlational survey design. The study group consisted of 560 high school students enrolled in a province located in the southern region of Türkiye during the 2024–2025 academic year and selected through maximum variation sampling from schools representing different types and socioeconomic levels. Data were collected using relevant measurement instruments and analyzed through parametric statistical methods. The findings revealed that internet addiction and mathematics hopelessness had significant and positive relationships with career indecision, and that both variables significantly predicted career indecision. In addition, significant differences were identified according to gender and grade level. By addressing internet addiction and mathematics hopelessness together, this study presents a holistic model explaining high school students' career decision-making processes and provides evidence-based implications for career guidance practices and educational policies.
References
Adachi, T. (2004). Career self-efficacy, career outcome expectations, and vocational interests among Japanese university students. Psychological Reports, 95(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.1.89-100
Ali, S., & McWhirter, E. (2006). Rural Appalachian youth’s vocational/educational postsecondary aspirations. Journal of Career Development, 33(2), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845306293347
Ali, S., & Menke, K. (2014). Rural Latino youth career development: An application of social cognitive career theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 62(2), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2014.00078.x
Ali, S., & Saunders, J. (2008). The career aspirations of rural Appalachian high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 17(2), 172–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072708328897
Ali, S., McWhirter, E. H., & Chronister, K. M. (2005). Self-efficacy and vocational outcome expectations for adolescents of lower socioeconomic status: A pilot study. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(1), 40–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704270273
Amin, A., & Eliasa, E. (2023). Parenting skills as the closest teacher to early childhood at home. JPUD- Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 17(2), 312–330. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.172.09
Appling, B., Tuttle, M., Harrell, L., Ellerman, H., & Mabeus, D. (2022). Utilizing social cognitive career theory to enhance the self-efficacy and outcome expectations of students with disabilities through career development. Professional School Counseling, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x221098937
Betz, N., & Voyten, K. (1997). Efficacy and outcome expectations influence career exploration and decidedness. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb01004.x
Bubić, A. (2017). The relevance of self-evaluations for students' career optimism. Journal of Employment Counseling, 54(3), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/joec.12059
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
Byars‐Winston, A., & Rogers, J. (2019). Testing intersectionality of race/ethnicity × gender in a social–cognitive career theory model with science identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 66(1), 30–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000309
Chan, C. (2018). Factors affecting career goals of Taiwanese college athletes from perspective of social cognitive career theory. Journal of Career Development, 47(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845318793234
Cheng, H., & Liu, J. (2020). Alterations in amygdala connectivity in internet addiction disorder. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 2370. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59195-w
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education. Routledge Falmer.
Conkel‐Ziebell, J., Gushue, G., & Turner, S. (2019). Anticipation of racism and sexism: Factors related to setting career goals for urban youth of color. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 66(5), 588–599. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000357
Çakır, M. A. (2004). Mesleki karar envanterinin geliştirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000098
Çetin, B., Bars, M., & Bars, E. (2015). Matematik umutsuzluk ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(53), 163 172. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.83270
Dickinson, J. (2007). Examination of the applicability of social cognitive career theory for African American college students. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation. University of Akron.
Fabian, E. (2000). Social cognitive theory of careers and individuals with serious mental health disorders: Implications for psychiatric rehabilitation programs. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 23(3), 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095159
Fjell, A., Walhovd, K., Brown, T., Chung, Y., Hagler, D., Venkatraman, V., … & Gruen, J. (2012). Multimodal imaging of the self-regulating developing brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(48), 19620–19625. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1208243109
Fouad, N., & Smith, P. (1996). A test of a social cognitive model for middle school students: Math and science. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(3), 338–346. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.3.338
Gati, I., Krausz, M., & Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(4), 510–526. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.510
Gore, P., & Leuwerke, W. (2000). Predicting occupational considerations: A comparison of self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and person-environment congruence. Journal of Career Assessment, 8(3), 237–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270000800303
Green, L., Dudek, D., Cohen, L., Ólafsson, K., Staksrud, E., Jacques, C., … & Jaunzems, K. (2022). Tox and detox. M/C Journal, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2888
Karasar, N. (2019). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative dentistry & endodontics, 38(1), 52-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
Lindley, L. (2005). Perceived barriers to career development in the context of social cognitive career theory. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(3), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705274953
Luo, T., So, W., Wan, Z., & Li, W. (2021). STEM stereotypes predict students’ STEM career interest via self-efficacy and outcome expectations. International Journal of STEM Education, 8(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-021-00295-y
Lv, B., Wang, J., Zheng, Y., Peng, X., & Ping, X. (2022). Gender differences in high school students' STEM career expectations: An analysis based on multi‐group structural equation model. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 59(10), 1739–1764. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21772
Mejia, B. S., & Gushue, G. V. (2011). Perceived career barriers: The role of ethnic identity, acculturation, and self-efficacy mediators among Latina/o college students. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Colombia University. https://doi.org/10.1037/e696272011-001
Multon, K., Brown, S., & Lent, R. (1991). Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.38.1.30
Noureddine, C., Salman, Y., Fletes, W., & Sherer, J. (2024). Power-up: Dissecting neurobiological mechanisms underlying internet gaming disorder. CNS Spectrums, 29(5), 521–522. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852924002013
Parikh, V., Harrington, E., Steinberg, Z., Gaisinsky, J., Meissler, J., & Eisenstein, T. (2025). Developmental nicotine exposure and cognitive vulnerability: Is the immune system involved? The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 28(Supplement_1), i73–i74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.128
Santi, T., Nascimento, A. G., Fukuti, P., Marchisio, V., do Amaral, G. C. A., Vaz, C. F. P., ... & Caye, A. (2025). Measuring Mental Health in 2 Brazilian University Centers: Protocol for a Cohort Survey. JMIR Research Protocols, 14(1), e63636. https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.63636
Segal, G., Borgia, D., & Schoenfeld, J. (2002). Using social cognitive career theory to predict self-employment goals. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/neje-05-02-2002-b007
Sevilla, M. P., & Rangel, V. S. (2022). Gender differences in STEM career development in postsecondary vocational–technical education: A social cognitive career theory test. Journal of Career Development, 50(2), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453221086979
Taş, İ. (2019). Ergenler için internet bağımlılığı ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 875 905. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.2019.20.02.011
Vasoula, G., & Loucia, D. (2020). Career decision-making profiles of adolescents in Cyprus. European Journal of Teaching and Education, 2(1), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.33422/ejte.v2i1.183
Warmansyah, J., Ismandela, A., Nabila, D., Wulandari, R., Wahyu, W., Khairunnisa, K., … & Yuningsih, R. (2023). Smartphone addiction, executive function, and mother-child relationships in early childhood emotion dysregulation. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 17(2), 241–266. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.172.05
Xu, H., Guo, J., Wan, Y., Zhang, S., Yang, R., Xu, H., … & Tao, F. (2020). Association between screen time, fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 510385.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00458
Xu, J., Shen, L., Yan, C., Hu, H., Yang, F., Wang, L., … & Shen, X. (2014). Parent-adolescent interaction and risk of adolescent internet addiction: A population-based study in Shanghai. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-14-112
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Anatolian Cultural Research

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.